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Research Report

GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE RESEARCH REPORT

The Preliminaries/Front Matter

1. Abstract—A brief summary which restates the problem, the procedures, the main findings, and the major conclusions. It is usually about 200 words or less in length. It is considered optional unless the report or journal format specifically calls for it.

2. Title—The title, in effect, serves as part of the abstract and should, within a reasonable length, be descriptive of the study.

3. Copyright notice—copyright protection is effective for the life of the author plus seventy years. All publications automatically receive copyright protection, but there are possible advantages to be gained from actually registering a publication with the  Copyright Office.

4. Acknowledgments (optional).

5. Table of contents—this is particularly important if the report is relatively long.

6.List of tables (where needed).

7.List of figures (graphic illustrations other than tables).

The Text

1. Introduction and problem

a. Brief introduction—This is not always considered desirable as it usually summarizes the report and therefore becomes somewhat redundant. It can help to express the purpose of the study at an early point in the report.

b. Statement of the problem—This section also typically includes a brief review of documents relevant to the problem.

c. Identification of subproblems, if any

d. Delimitations of the study

e. Conceptual definitions of key terms

f. Abbreviations, if needed

g. Statement of the need or justification for the study

h. A note on the organization of the remainder of the report

2. Review of related literature—This review will build on the briefer literature review provided for the problem statement. It should provide the conceptual basis for the hypothesis to follow. It may also draw on related subject fields. If individuals are cited, their authority should be indicated.

3. Conceptual framework of the study—As is true for the proposal, many researchers prefer that this section precede the literature review and often include it in the introductory or problem section.

a. Hypothesis(es) and/or research questions

b. Assumptions—These basic assumptions help to support the logic of

the hypothesis.

c.Operational definitions of important concepts

4. Design of the study—The design of the study is broader than the basic research method (e.g., survey), which should already be apparent at this point. The description of the design should be clear and precise about what was done and how it was done.

a. The population and sampling procedures, if any—This section should include a description of the research locale or setting if important.

b. Sources of relevant data, including criteria for admissibility

c. Data collection techniques and instruments

d. Data analysis techniques.

5. Results

a. Descriptive statistics, if utilized

b. Inferential statistics—The section where hypotheses, if any, are tested

c. Other findings—An optional section of miscellaneous findings or

results not directly related to the hypothesis

d. Summary of results

6. Summary and conclusions

a. Summary of the study

b.Interpretations and conclusions

c.Limitations of the results

d.Recommendations, if any, for future research

Back Matter

1. References—The list of citations or footnotes, if not provided at the appropriate locations in the text.

2. Bibliography—A list of other “classic” studies and highly relevant items; it also will include the references, if not listed separately.

3. Appendix—The appendix or appendices should include only supplementary material not essential to an understanding of the text.

Book Arrangement

Books in ASB  library are arranged by subject using the Dewey Decimal Classification system. Each subject is given a number called a Call number, and the books are then shelved in numerical order.

The Dewey Decimal Classification divides all knowledge into ten main subject areas, which are each assigned a range of numbers:

000 – 099 General subjects, computing

100 – 199 Philosophy, psychology

200 – 299 Religion

300 – 399 Social sciences

400 – 499 Language

500 – 599 Natural sciences, mathematics

600 – 699 Technology (applied sciences)

700 – 799 Arts, entertainment

800 – 899 Literature

900 – 999 History, geography

The main subject areas are subdivided into smaller and smaller sections, giving more specific subjects like:

600 Technology (applied sciences)

610 Medical sciences and medicine
620 Engineering & allied operations
630 Agriculture 
640 Home economics & family living 
650 Management & auxiliary services
660 Chemical engineering
670 Manufacturing
680 Manufacture for specific uses
690 Buildings

and again subdivided into ...

650 Management & auxiliary services

• 650.1 Personal success in business
  

651 Office services

• 651.3 Office management
  
• 651.5 Records management
  
• 651.7 Communication Creation and transmission of records
  
• 651.8 Data processing Computer applications
  

652 Processes of written communication

• 652.3 Typewriting
  
• 652.5 Word processing
  

653 Shorthand
654 not used
655 not used
656 not used
657 Accounting
658 General management

• 658.1 Organization and finance
  
• 658.2 Plant management
  
• 658.3 Personal management
  
• 658.4 Executive management
  
• 658.5 Management of production
  
• 658.7 Management of materials
  
• 658.8 Management of distribution (Marketing)
  

659 Advertising & public relations



Every DDC call number begins with a three-digit whole number, and some are followed by decimal numbers. The second part contains three letters called book number.So a call number is the combination of both Class number and Book Number.

DDC Call Number

Let's illustrate how a DDC call number works using the following book from the Oversize Juvenile Nonfiction collection:

973.3	The Declaration of Independence
UNI	by the United States of America

The first line of a DDC call number identifies the subject of the work and each digit has a specific meaning. In our example, the digits may be interpreted thus:

• The first number, 9, places the book in the 900s which is History & Geography,
• The second number, 7, places the book in the 970s which is General History of North America,
• The third number, 3, places the book the in 973s which is United States,
• The fourth number, 3, places the book the in 973.3s which is Revolution and confederation, 1775-1789,
• Thus 973.3 is used for materials about the American revolution and confederation which occurred between 1775 and 1789.
  

Fortunately, you do not need to memorize this. However, you may use this knowledge to your advantage. 

The second line identifies the author of the work by using the first three letters of the author's last name, or the corporate name. In this example, the author is a group or corporate entity with no "last name," so the first three letters of the whole name are used, UNI.

When using the call number, treat the number that precedes the decimal/period/full stop as a whole number, and that which follows it as a decimal number. Therefore, 091 comes before 910, and 940.13 comes before 940.3. Letters on the second line are read alphabetically.

DDC Numbers Arranged in Alpha-Numeric Order

098 HAN

973.3 UNI

976.3 HAL

976.4 CAR

976.4 JOH

977.219 AYL

977.5 ARC

977.5 GAR

978.827 ARN

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